Flores-Alvarado LR, Moreno-Vargas J, Delgado-Quiñones EG, Orozco-Sandoval R

Language: Spanish
References: 16
Page: 242-247
PDF size: 241.42 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Prevalence of chronic illnesses has grown exponentially in the last two decades. The National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) in 2012 revealed that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) was 9.2%, overweight and obesity 5.3%, hypertension 33%, hypercholesterolemia in women 14.1% and 11.7% in men. Of patients with type 2 Diabetes, 68.5% had an additional risk factor such as: smoking, hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with DM2 is estimated to be of 20%. Since the absence of symptoms does not assure the absence of this condition it is important to identify cardiovascular risk factors as a prevention strategy. The objective of this study is to know cardiovascular risk factors among patients from 35 to 74 years of age with type 2 diabetes in the DIABETIMSS program at FMU 178.
Material and Methods. Transversal, descriptive study. We checked clinical files and laboratory tests. A sample of 129 patients with a confidence interval of 95% was calculated using Epi Info v.6. Patients from Family Medicine Unit (FMU) 178 belonging to the DIABETIMSS program were included. Those who met selection criteria ranged from 35 to 74 years of age. We analized sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), abdominal perimeter (AP), glycated hemoglobin, smoking, arterial pressure values and HDL cholesterol. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19, using descriptive statistics and χ² (p‹ 0.05).
Results. 57.4% of the population were women, the predominant age range was 46 to 55 (35.7%) and 56 to 65 (31%) years. 72.32% were non-active smokers. The following were risk factors with proportional statistical significance: sex p= 0.08, median HDL of 41 (p0.039), 120mmHG systolic arterial pressure, 70mmHg diastolic arterial pressure (0.007) and sex-abdominal perimeter (p=0.009).
Discussion. DM2 is a chronic disease that requires continuous medical attention, education and support, in order to prevent chronic and acute complications, aside from glycemic control. Low predominance cardiovascular risk was identified with a prevalence of 43.4%.

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