medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2022, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2022; 64 (3)

Seric IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 pre- and post- Covid-19 pandemic from Mexican asymptomatic subjects

Aguirre-Cruz L, Guzmán-García M, Acosta-Castillo I, de la Cruz-Aguilera DL, Landero-Isidro I, Pérez-González JP, Chávez-Duarte J, Leyva-Rendón A

Language: English
References: 40
Page: 249-258
PDF size: 293.38 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To detect serum IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 in preand post- Covid-19 pandemic in Mexican asymptomatic subjects in order to know the degree of viral dispersion. Materials and methods. Association of serum IgG antibodies (determined by ELISA) to sociodemographic and clinical data or contact with Covid-19 cases in three groups of subjects: 1) Covid-19 pre-pandemic blood donors (n= 538); 2) Covid-19 post-pandemic blood donors (n= 243); 3) Covid-19 post-pandemic neurological patients (n= 312). None of the subjects studied had been vaccinated. Results. The positive rate of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 was notably higher in participants recruited during the pandemic (donors, 29.6%; neurological patients, 15.7%) than in those recruited pre-pandemic (donors 0.6%) (p <0.001). Other conditions associated to antibody positivity were being a worker in sales or services, or having had previous contact with people with Covid-19, for donnors and neurological patients, and having diabetes mellitus, for neurological patients. Higher positivity levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were found in females than in males. The highest proportion of subjects with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found in central Mexico. Conclusions. The dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic, unvaccinated subjects (donors and neurological patients) recruited in a Mexican health institution, who work in sales or services or had previously had contact with Covid-19 patients is 16 to 30%. The level of positivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG is higher in females than in males. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence follow-up studies must be favored among the general population, being mandatory for donors.


REFERENCES

  1. Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, GulyaevaAA, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: Thespecies and its viruses – a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group.BioRxiv [preprint]. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862

  2. Sun J, He WT, Wang L, Lai A, Ji X, Zhai X, et al. COVID-19: epidemiology,evolution, and cross-disciplinary perspectives. Trends Mol Med. 2020;26(5):483-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008

  3. Helmy YA, Fawzy M, Elaswad A, Sobieh A, Kenney SP, Shehata AA. TheCOVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review of taxonomy, genetics, epidemiology,diagnosis, treatment, and control. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):1225.https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041225

  4. Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Senan AM, Dutta D, Nath B, Oleynikov MD, et al.The natural history, pathobiology, and clinical manifestations of SARSCoV-2 infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020;15(3):359-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-020-09944-5

  5. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirusfrom patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med.2020;382(8):727-33. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001017

  6. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisationand epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virusorigins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8

  7. Meyer B, Drosten C, Müller MA. Serological assays for emerging coronaviruses:Challenges and pitfalls. Virus Res. 2014;194(1):175-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.03.018

  8. Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: Areview. Clin Immunol. 2020;215(1):108427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427

  9. Ng KW, Faulkner N, Cornish GH, Rosa A, Harvey R, Hussain S, et al.Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans.Science. 2020;370(6522):1339-43. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe1107

  10. Nguyen-Contant P, Embong AK, Kanagaiah P, Chaves FA, Yang H, BrancheAR, et al. S protein-reactive IGG and memory B cell production afterhuman SARS-CoV-2 infection includes broad reactivity to the S2 subunit.MBio. 2020;11(5):e01991-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01991-20

  11. Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Abiona O, et al.Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.Science. 2020;367(6483):1260-3. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2507

  12. Baloch S, Baloch MA, Zheng T, Pei X. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2020;250(4):278. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.250.271

  13. World Health Organization. WHO COVID-19 Dashboard. Geneva:WHO, 2021.

  14. Yang Y, Shang W, Rao X. Facing the COVID-19 outbreak: What shouldwe know and what could we do? J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):536-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25720

  15. Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, Liang L, Huang H, Hong Z, et al. SARS-CoV-2viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl JMed. 2020;382(12):1177-9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001737

  16. Tu H, Tu S, Gao S, Shao A, Sheng J. Current epidemiological andclinical features of COVID-19; a global perspective from China. J Infect.2020;81(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.011

  17. Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C,et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contactin Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):970-1. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2001468

  18. Lipsitch M, Swerdlow DL, Finelli L. Defining the epidemiology of Covid-19 — studies needed. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1194-6. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp2002125

  19. Zhang L, Pang R, Xue X, Bao J, Ye S, Dai Y, et al. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virusantibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recoveredfrom COVID-19. Aging. 2020;12(8):6536-42. https://doi.org/10.18632/AGING.103102

  20. Bao L, Deng W, Gao H, Xiao C, Liu Jiayi, Xue J, et al. Reinfection couldnot occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques. BioRxiv [preprint].2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.13.990226

  21. Eckhardt CM, Cummings MJ, Rajagopalan KN, Borden S, Bitan ZC,Wolf A, et al. Evaluating the efficacy and safety of human anti-SARS-CoV-2convalescent plasma in severely ill adults with COVID-19: A structuredsummary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials.2020;21(1):499. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04422-y

  22. Klein SL, Flanagan KL. Sex differences in immune responses. Nat RevImmunol. 2016;16(10):626-38. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.90

  23. Stasi C, Fallani S, Voller F, Silvestri C. Treatment for COVID-19: Anoverview. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;889(1):17644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173644

  24. Diario Oficial de la Nación. NOM-253-SSA1-2012 Para la disposiciónde sangre humana y sus componentes con fines terapéuticos. Mexico:Diario Oficial de la Federación de México, 2012.

  25. McEnroe RJ, Durham AP, Goldford MD, Kondratovich MV, Lababidi S,Magari R, et al. Evaluation of precision of quantitative measurement procedures; approved guideline. PA, USA: Clinical and laboratory standardsinstitute, 2014; 37-54.

  26. Berte’ R, Mazza S, Stefanucci MR, Noviello D, Costa S, Ciafardini C, et al.Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV2 in IBD patients treated with biological therapy.J Crohn’s Colitis. 2021;15(5):864-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa237

  27. Gudbjartsson DF, Norddahl GL, Melsted P, Gunnarsdottir K, HolmH, Eythorsson E, et al. Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 inIceland. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(18):1724-34. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2026116

  28. Papalini C, Paciosi F, Schiaroli E, Pierucci S, Busti C, Bozza S, et al. Seroprevalenceof anti-SARS-CoV2 Antibodies in Umbrian Persons Living withHIV. Mediterranean J Hematol Infect Dis. 2020;12(1):e2020080. https://doi.org/10.4084/MJHID.2020.080

  29. Okba NMA, Müller MA, Li W, Wang C, GeurtsvanKessel CH, CormanVM, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specificantibody responses in coronavirus disease patients. Emerg Infect Dis.2020;26(7):1478-88. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200841

  30. Wec AZ, Wrapp D, Herbert AS, Maurer DP, Haslwanter D, Sakharkar M, etal. Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies.Science. 2020;369(6504):731-6. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7424

  31. Conti P, Younes A. Coronavirus cov-19/sars-cov-2 affects womenless than men: Clinical response to viral infection. J Biol Regul HomeostAgents. 2020;34(2):339-43. https://doi.org/10.23812/Editorial-Conti-3

  32. Bunders MJ, Altfeld M. Implications of sex differences in immunityfor SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and design of therapeutic interventions.Immunity. 2020;53(3):487-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.08.003

  33. Barin B, Yoldascan BE, Savaskan F, Ozbalikci G, Karaderi T, Çakal H. Jointinvestigation of 2-month post-diagnosis IgG antibody levels and psychologicalmeasures for assessing longer term multi-faceted recovery amongCOVID-19 cases in Northern Cyprus. Front Public Health. 2021;8:590096.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.590096

  34. Lei H, Xu X, Xiao S, Wu X, Shu Y. Household transmission of COVID-19-a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(6):979-97.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.033

  35. Waterfield T, Watson C, Moore R, Ferris K, Tonry C, Watt A, et al.Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children: A prospectivemulticentre cohort study. Arch Dis Child. 2021;106(7):680-6 https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-320558

  36. Mendoza RP, Fyke W, Daniel D, Gabutan E, Das B, Bajaj H, et al.Administration of high titer convalescent anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma:From donor selection to monitoring recipient outcomes. Hum Immunol.2021;82(4):255-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.007

  37. Ngo BT, Marik P, Kory P, Shapiro L, Thomadsen R, Iglesias J, et al. Thetime to offer treatments for COVID-19. Expert Opin Investig Drugs.2021;30(5):505-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2021.1901883

  38. Diago-Sempere E, Bueno JL, Sancho-López A, Rubio EM, Torres F, deMolina RM, et al. Evaluation of convalescent plasma versus standard ofcare for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: study protocolfor a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial.Trials. 2021;22(1):70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-05011-9

  39. Fernandez J, Gratacos-Ginès J, Olivas P, Costa M, Nieto S, Mateo D, etal. Plasma exchange: an effective rescue therapy in critically ill patients withcoronavirus disease 2019 infection. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(12):e1350-5.https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004613

  40. Oran DP, Topol EJ. Prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection:a narrative review. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(5):362-7. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-3012




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com