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2026, Number 1-2

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Rev Mex Cir Endoscop 2026; 27 (1-2)

Impact of surgical simulation on undergraduate and postgraduate students

Montalvo-Javé EE, Vilchis-Valencia R, Jiménez-Recillas D, Rodríguez-Mendoza G, Martínez-Hernández O, Romero-Carrillo R, Cruz-Alcántara C, Rossano-García A, García-Puig MA, Santana-Domínguez MD, Nuño-Lámbarri N, Rodríguez-Báez A, Miranda-Galván V

Language: Spanish
References: 44
Page: 25-32
PDF size: 448.11 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Laparoscopic simulation has become a cornerstone in surgical training, enabling the development of technical skills in a safe and controlled environment. This review aimed to analyze current evidence regarding different types of simulators, evaluation metrics, and their ability to predict real surgical performance. A narrative literature review was conducted using international databases, including studies published between 2001 and 2025. Simulators were classifi ed into five main categories: conventional physical trainers, virtual reality simulators, hybrid systems, biological models, and platforms with automated performance metrics. The findings indicate that all modalities signifi cantly contribute to the acquisition of fundamental skills such as hand-eye coordination, precision, and movement effi ciency. However, virtual reality and hybrid systems offer advantages in providing objective and reproducible performance metrics. Commonly used metrics include task completion time, error rate, and motion economy; however, their predictive value is limited when used in isolation. In contrast, combining these objective metrics with structured assessment tools such as GOALS and OSATS provides a more comprehensive evaluation and shows stronger correlation with intraoperative performance. In conclusion, the effectiveness of laparoscopic simulation depends more on its integration into structured training programs and the use of validated assessment tools than on the level of technological fidelity. Future research should focus on metric standardization and validation of clinical outcomes.


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