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2026, Number 3

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Acta Med 2026; 24 (3)

Meniscal injuries and secondary osteoarthritis of the knee: literature review

Muñoz TRO, Gómez TFJ

Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page: 255-261
PDF size: 1163.51 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease which produces chronic changes in structures of the knee such as the capsular-ligamentous apparatus, subchondral bone, articular cartilage, and the menisci. There are multiple risk factors for the development of the disease: gender, age, high body mass index, high-demand physical activity, highlighting the practice of high-impact sports, all of which increase joint overload and promote an inflammatory environment within the knee. The menisci play a central role in joint physiology and biomechanics, as well as in the cushioning of loads and therefore a meniscal injury represents the beginning of a series of pathological changes that culminate in prompt joint degeneration. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard in the diagnosis of meniscal injuries. Regarding treatment, the trend has evolved from open total meniscectomy to arthroscopic surgery with primary meniscal repair and increasingly smaller partial meniscectomies, thus prioritizing the preservation of meniscal tissue and extending the life of the joint. This paper intends to emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary and updated approach in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of meniscal injuries.


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