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2026, Number 2

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Med Crit 2026; 40 (2)

Correlation between lung ultrasound and gasometric oxygenation variables in mechanically ventilated patients

Montiel VEG, Sánchez CJH, Sánchez DJS, Peniche MKG, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Calyeca SMV

Language: Spanish
References: 17
Page: 109-114
PDF size: 768.22 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: respiratory diseases remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Mexico. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is frequently used in critically ill patients, but complementary tools are needed to monitor pulmonary status. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has shown correlation with computed tomography and usefulness in assessing lung aeration, while blood gas indices allow the evaluation of hypoxemia and clinical prognosis. Objective: to evaluate the correlation between lung ultrasound score (LUS) and blood gas oxygenation indices in patients under IMV. Material and methods: a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study conducted at Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, IMSS Veracruz, from January to December 2024. Patients > 18 years with IMV ≥ 48 h were included. Arterial blood gases (PaO2, A-a gradient, PaO2/FiO2, PaO2/PAO2, and respiratory index) were measured at admission, 24 h, and 48 h, simultaneously with a 12-zone lung ultrasound protocol. Associations and correlations were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. Results: a total of 38 patients were included, mean age 53 ± 17.8 years, 52% male, with an overall mortality of 31.5%. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (44.7%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (15.7%). Ventilatory variables such as plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate were associated with mortality (p = 0.008, 0.025, and 0.049, respectively). Higher respiratory index at admission and higher LUS scores at any measurement were significantly associated with non-survivors (p = 0.049 and p = 0.026, respectively). All blood gas indices correlated significantly with LUS; the strongest correlations were found with PaO2/FiO2, A-a gradient, and respiratory index at admission (r > 0.70). Conclusion: there is a significant correlation between LUS and blood gas oxygenation indices in patients under IMV. PaO2/FiO2 and respiratory index at admission showed the strongest correlation. LUS, combined with gasometric variables, represents an accessible and reliable tool for evaluation and prognosis in the ICU.


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