Pascual LAG, Nava RG, Landa RC

Language: Spanish
References: 26
Page: 241-247
PDF size: 806.00 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: collagen membranes have become established since the 1980s with the development of guided tissue regeneration (GTR), a surgical technique based on the placement of a physical barrier to prevent the migration of the epithelium and connective tissue towards the bone defect clot, allowing the selective proliferation of periodontal ligament cells with the potential to form a new attachment and bone regeneration. Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence published between 1960 and 2026 on the use of biological collagen membranes in dentistry in North American journals, identifying their evolution, clinical applications, biomaterials used, biological behavior, and main findings. Material and methods: a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional literature review with a mixed-methods approach was conducted. Scientific articles published in North American journals addressing the use of collagen membranes in dentistry were included, while studies published outside North America were excluded. Results: a total of 288 publications were identified, of which 66 met the inclusion criteria: 50 (75.8%) from the United States, 12 (18.2%) from Mexico, and 4 (6.1%) from Canada. Most studies (78.8%) were published after 2000, reflecting a marked increase in scientific interest. Original research articles accounted for 60.6% of the publications, followed by case reports and case series (30.3%). Porcine (18.7%) and bovine (16.7%) collagen membranes were the most frequently reported; however, 48.4% of the studies did not specify the biomaterial source. Among studies evaluating clinical performance, favorable tissue integration, satisfactory healing, and the absence of clinically relevant immunological complications were consistently reported. No confirmed cases of immunological rejection were identified, and only one study described partial persistence of the membrane, which was attributed to its physical characteristics rather than biological rejection. Conclusions: collagen membranes remain safe and widely accepted biomaterials for guided periodontal and bone regeneration. However, methodological heterogeneity and the limited reporting of membrane origin and biological behavior restrict comparisons among studies, highlighting the need for more standardized future research.

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