medigraphic.com
ISSN 2992-8036 (Electronic)
ISSN 2306-4102 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología

2026, Number 4

<< Back Next >>

Acta Ortop Mex 2026; 40 (4)

Hand infections part 2: chronic infections and deep infections

Romo-Rodríguez R, Martínez-Peniche J, Valdes-Medina S

Language: Spanish
References: 24
Page: 254-261
PDF size: 2181.45 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: in this second part, the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic and deep space infections of the hand, which are most commonly encountered in clinical practice, are discussed. Development: dozens of causative microorganisms have been described, and hundreds of diverse case reports involving bacteria, viruses and mycobacteria are available in the literature. This review article synthesizes the most relevant clinical presentations and pathogens that orthopaedic and hand surgeons encounter in daily practice. Conclusion: reviewing all possible causes of chronic hand infections is beyond the scope of this document. If a broader understanding is required, an extensive literature review of infectious diseases and specialized hand surgery must be performed.


REFERENCES

  1. Relhan V, Bansal A. Acute and chronic paronychia revisited: a narrative review. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2022; 15(1): 1-16.

  2. Shafritz AB, Coppage JM. Acute and chronic paronychia of the hand. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014; 22(3): 165-74. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-22-03-165.

  3. Daniel CR 3rd, Daniel MP, Daniel CM, Sullivan S, Ellis G. Chronic paronychia and onycholysis: a thirteen-year experience. Cutis. 1996; 58(6): 397-401.

  4. Doganay M, Dinc G, Kutmanova A, Baillie L. Human anthrax: update of the diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023; 13(6): 1056. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13061056.

  5. Patel MR. Chapter 3: Chronic infections. En: Green's Operative Hand Surgery Eighth Edition. Elsevier; 2021.

  6. Martin GJ, Friedlander AM. Chapter 207: Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax). En: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (Ninth ed). Elsevier; 2019.

  7. Peeling RW, Mabey D, Kamb ML, Chen XS, Radolf JD, Benzaken AS. Syphilis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017; 3: 17073. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.73.

  8. Al-Qattan MM, Helmi AA. Chronic hand infections. J Hand Surg Am. 2014; 39(8): 1636-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.04.003.

  9. Rex JH, Okhuysen PC. Chapter 259: Sporothrix schenckii. En: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (Ninth ed). Elsevier; 2019.

  10. Bariteau JT, Waryasz GR, McDonnell M, Fischer SA, Hayda RA, Born CT. Fungal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014; 22(6): 390-401.

  11. Kohli R, Hadley S. Fungal arthritis and osteomyelitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005; 19(4): 831-51. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2005.08.004.

  12. Fox MP, Jacoby SM. Fungal infections of the hand. Hand Clin. 2020; 36(3): 355-60. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2020.03.009.

  13. Matta-Ramos RF, Cancian L, Calcagnotto F, Zeni R, Varela G, Burgues T, et al. Synovial tuberculosis of the hand: an ancient disease in an unusual localisation. Indian J Plast Surg. 2017; 50(2): 130-7.

  14. Bachoura A, Zelouf DS. Mycobacterial infections in the hand and wrist. Hand Clin. 2020; 36(3): 387-96. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2020.03.013.

  15. Dupnik K. Chapter 250: Leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae). En: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (Ninth ed). Elsevier; 2019.

  16. Richards RN. Scabies: diagnostic and therapeutic update. J Cutan Med Surg. 2021; 25(1): 95-101. doi: 10.1177/1203475420960446.

  17. Sunderkotter C, Wohlrab J, Hamm H: Scabies: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2021; 118(41): 695-704.

  18. Hand Infections. En: Berger R, Weiss A. Hand Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.

  19. Cornwall R. Hand infection. En: Trumble TE, Budoff JE, Cornwall R. Hand, elbow and shoulder, core knowledge in Orthopaedics. Filadelfia: Mosby; 2006.

  20. Burkhalter WE. Deep space infections. Hand Clin. 1989; 5(4): 553-9.

  21. Jebson PJL. Deep subfascial space infections. Hand Clin. 1998; 14(4): 557-66.

  22. White C, Franco-Paredes C. Leprosy in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015; 28(1): 80-94. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00079-13.

  23. Skinsight: paronychia: symptoms, treatment, and prevention. 2024. Available from: https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/paronychia/

  24. Merad Y, Derrar H, Belmokhtar Z, Belkacemi M. Aspergillus genus and its various human superficial and cutaneous features. Pathogens. 2021; 10(6): 643. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10060643.



EVIDENCE LEVEL

V




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com